# The Architectural Centre Inc > promoting good design in the built environment since 1946 ## Posts - [AC QUIZ IS LIVE: NZ architectural weekly online quiz](https://architecture.org.nz/2026/01/11/ac-quiz-is-live-nz-architectural-weekly-online-quiz/): New Zealand’s new weekly online quiz spanning architecture and the built environment has started. To access, click link below or visit our website – architecture.org.nz Following editions published every Monday. AC conceptualized the quiz to be entertaining as well as generating conversations, within the design community. - [SWIMMING AGAINST THE TIDE](https://architecture.org.nz/2025/12/05/swimming-against-the-tide/): press release – December 4, 2025. Victoria University of Wellington is out of step with global practice in demolishing the Gordon Wilson Flats and McLean Flats on the Terrace The Architectural Centre notes with great sadness the planned demise of the Gordon Wilson Flats, one of Aotearoa New Zealand’s most important post-war buildings, along with the adjacent McLean Flats. After a long period of decline and neglect, the building has succumbed to a Victoria University – Te Herenga Waka (VUW) decision this week to commence their demolition before Christmas, a process expected to last more than six months. The building […] - [AC event: 2026 Fundraising screening of ‘Millie Lies Low’](https://architecture.org.nz/2025/11/27/ac-event-fundraising-screening-of-millie-lies-low/): AC invite you to fundraising film screening of NZ comedy drama ‘Millie Lies Low’ “anxiety-ridden Millie is on her way from Wellington to New York for an internship at a prestigious architecture firm when a moment of panic causes her to miss her flight…” AC invite you to fundraising screening of MILLIE LIES LOW. Join us inside the recently renovated theatre space at Newtown Community Centre for our start of year get-together. See below for event details and payment methods:  What: AC host film screening of NZ comedy drama MILLIE LIES LOW When: Sunday 25th January 2026. Doors open 4pm, movie start time […] - [Press Release : Re(NEW) the Gordon Wilson Flats](https://architecture.org.nz/2025/09/15/press-release-renew-the-gordon-wilson-flats/): Faster, greener, more affordable housing Victoria University – Te Herenga Waka (VUW) is urged to reuse the structure ofWellington’s controversial Gordon Wilson Flats (GWF) to deliver modern housing and save carbon, time, waste-to-landfill and impact on the city. The Architectural Centre has put forward an alternative plan to VUW that would replace the building’s façade and reuse its main concrete core. VUW intends to demolish the 11-story building and replace it with a new one, but has yet to release designs and costs including the loss of embodied carbon, the environmental impact and waste to landfill. Architectural Centre President Paul […] - [On pause again](https://architecture.org.nz/2025/09/11/will-they-wont-they/): “chief executive Matt Prosser had given an assurance that no further work would be done on Capital E or the City to Sea Bridge before the end of the month and that officers would carefully review the government’s recommendations when they come out.” - [Bill McKay ~ talking about the Gordon Wilson Flats (RNZ)](https://architecture.org.nz/2025/09/11/bill-mckay-talking-about-the-gordon-wilson-flats-rnz/): On the 23rd of June (2025) Bill McKay, urban issues correspondent for RNZ, discussed “the government’s decision to introduce a bill to demolish Wellington’s Gordon Wilson Flats.” Bill suggests it is a ‘new low’ that the government worked on an RMA amendment to demolish this single building. the greenest building is the one that is already standing ~ Bill McKay https://www.rnz.co.nz/national/programmes/ninetonoon/audio/2018992534/urban-issues-the-case-for-keeping-the-gordon-wilson-flats Elsewhere Christine McCarthy has questioned what it is about this building that illicits such irrational ire: This week we hear the government may be changing the earthquake regulations that may render this building less ‘prone’. Thank goodness VUW still […] - [‘From Here to There (or there to here). A Public Lecture’ by Gill Matthewson](https://architecture.org.nz/2025/05/26/public-lecture-by-gill-matthewson/): The Centre is proud to be able to host Dr Gill Matthewson who will discuss her research and work with Parlour. Wednesday June 4, 6pm @ Massey University‘The Pit’ – Block 12Pukeahu / Mt Cook CampusWellington The Architectural Centre, in Association with the College of Creative Arts, Massey University, is very please to be able to host this public lecture to celebrate Dr Gill Matthewson’s return to Aotearoa. In 2012-13 Gill Matthewson completed a huge survey of Australian architects. From this data she has mapped the impacts of gender on architectural careers with implications for understanding similar patterns here in […] - [Notification of the Architectural Centre AGM 2025](https://architecture.org.nz/2025/05/26/notification-of-the-architectural-centre-agm-2025/): Kia ora koutou. Please know you are welcome to attend the Centre’s AGM on June 4 from 5pm in ‘The Pit’, block 12, Massey University (Pukeahu Campus). The agenda of the AGM has four items: From 6pm the Centre is proud to be able to host Dr Gill Matthewson who will discuss her research and work with Parlour. Public Lecture by Dr Gill Matthewson‘From Here to There (or there to here). A Public Lecture’Wednesday June 4, 6pm @ Massey University‘The Pit’ – Block 12Pukeahu / Mt Cook CampusWellington The Architectural Centre, in Association with the College of Creative Arts, Massey […] - [Notification of Civic Trust AGM](https://architecture.org.nz/2025/04/12/notification-of-civic-trust-agm/): The Architectural Centre and Civic Trust share corporate membership. Any member of the Architectural Centre can attend Civic Trust meetings. Please be notified that – WELLINGTON CIVIC TRUST: NOTICE OF 2024/25 ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING – WEDNESDAY 16th APRIL The Wellington Civic Trust’s 2024/25 AGM will be held on Wednesday 16th April from 5:30 pm – 7:30 pm NZST. The venue will be the Te Puni room in the Wharewaka Function Centre, 2 Taranaki Street, Taranaki Wharf on the Wellington waterfront. The meeting will commence with refreshments, following by the AGM at 6:00 PM. Please register at https://www.eventbrite.com/e/1311248342089?aff=oddtdtcreator if you plan to attend. This will assist our planning […] - [city to sea bridge fundraising t-shirts](https://architecture.org.nz/2025/04/04/city-to-sea-bridge-fundraising-t-shirts/): place your orders in this form and follow the instructions for payment t-shirt order form - [Arch Centre Event : ‘The Brutalist’ - Jan 26, 2025](https://architecture.org.nz/2025/01/11/arch-centre-event-the-brutalist-jan-26-2025/): “When visionary architect László Toth (Brody) and his wife Erzsébet (Felicity Jones) flee post-war Europe in 1947 to rebuild their legacy and witness the birth of modern America, their lives are changed forever by a mysterious and wealthy client (Guy Pearce).” What: AC hosting screening of A24 movie The Brutalist When: 26th January, 2025. 16.30 (upstairs mezzanine) with movie starting at 17.00 Where: Light House Cuba, 29 Wigan Street, Te Aro Cause: Support current and future AC engagements If you are planning to attend, please email to reserve tickets before the 16th of Jan as this will determine the size of cinema – we are hoping for a large attendance […] - [Submission : City to Sea Bridge](https://architecture.org.nz/2024/12/14/submission-city-to-sea-bridge/): 13th November 2024 ~ Submission to the Te Ngākau Precinct Public Consultation The following is extracted from the Centre’s submission on this consultation. We requested to present to the Council. The full submission is available here. Transcript of the oral presentation is here (Nov 25th). - [WCC voted on Dec 5 to demolish the City to Sea Bridge](https://architecture.org.nz/2024/12/10/wcc-voted-on-dec-5-to-demolish-the-city-to-sea-bridge/): The Architectural Centre will be opposing this decision. We believe the Council’s advice to Councillors was not provided with reasonable consideration of the range of development options, particularly considering physical and cultural amenity value of the bridge. The demolition of the Bridge will return the city to pre-1990s urban design which relied on level crossing of Jervois Quay. Pedestrians get killed at light-controlled road crossings. Just last year (June 2023), two women were struck at the lights on Cable St – just a few hundred metres from where the City to Sea Bridge is planned to be replaced with lights. […] - [Open Whanganui](https://architecture.org.nz/2024/09/14/open-whanganui/): In (unofficial) conjunction with Here’s Open Home Whanganui event – September 28 – the Center will be opening a few more doors for Centre members. The Here programme will visit the Dog Box (2013 – Ben Mitchell-Anyon, Sally Ogle, Caro Robertson and Tim Gittos)… … and the Payne House (1960s, Michael Payne). The Here event requires booking – $25. The Centre will be visiting the Gonville Pool House (2023, Patchwork Architects)… … home to the Gonville Urban Research Centre. We will also curate a public transport and walking tour from Gonville to the Here Open Home sites, with stops at […] - [Pūheke : City to Sea](https://architecture.org.nz/2024/09/06/puheke-city-to-sea/): As you may be aware Council members were briefed on Te Ngākau Civic Square Precinct Development Plan, created by Pōneke Collective with Council officers, on September 4. The council will receive further briefings on per-site proposals in July next year. The Town Hall, Te Matapihi Central Library, and the Civic Administration Building (CAB) and Municipal Office Building (MOB) site redevelopment projects are underway. The Development Plan includes options for the remaining areas of the precinct, including the City to Sea Bridge, Michael Fowler Centre, Jack Ilott Green, and City Gallery, and the landscaping of the square itself and adjoining areas. […] - ['OVERLOOKING SOCIAL CONTENT IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN: IN WHOSE INTEREST?'](https://architecture.org.nz/2024/09/02/overlooking-social-content-in-architectural-design-in-whose-interest/): Dr Peter ParkesDesign Architect and Cultural Theorist/Critic Coloqium 25 November 1992 School of Architecture Victoria University of Welington Link to the full paper here. There are many signs in contemporary architectural thinking to suggest that social commitment in design is on the way out. Many architects, commentators and teachers in mainstream architecture seem to be turing away from social issues in design; overlooking issues of social content. It seems that in these days, architectural design is no longerbased on a rigorous critique of society, no longer an exercise of critical social practice. Some design thinkers are, apparently, abandoning desire for […] - [Public talk : Patrick Reynolds](https://architecture.org.nz/2024/06/09/public-talk-patrick-reynolds/): The Centre is very pleased to bring Patrick Reynolds to Te Whanganui-a-Tara to talk about his work as an urbanist in Tāmaki Makaurau. Wednesday June 12, 6pm @ the School of Architecture. - [Position Statement: The Architectural Centre](https://architecture.org.nz/2024/05/11/position-statement-the-architectural-centre/): Photo above: Mr and Mrs W. Shaw and son Nicholas, first tenants in the Gordon Wilson state flats on The Terrace, Wellington. Evening post (Newspaper. 1865-2002) :Photographic negatives and prints of the Evening Post newspaper. Ref: EP/1959/1911-F. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand. /records/23503306 Decision from the Minister for Housing, Chris Bishop: The Architectural Centre’s Position Off the back of the decisions on Wellington City Council’s District Plan from theMinister for Housing, Chris Bishop, The Architectural Centre wish to make clearour position: The decision doesn’t affect the credentials of the Gordon Wilson Flats (GWF)suitability for adaptive reuse. The Architectural Centre hopes […] - ["Gordon Wilson Memorial Apartments"](https://architecture.org.nz/2024/04/21/gordon-wilson-memorial-apartments/): What is in a name? You may be wondering why we are calling are calling them this – rather than the Gordon Wilson Flats. Well, here you can see Minister of Housing Mr Fox (on the right looking at the camera), standing in front of the still incomplete building in 1959. This small article, published on April 9 that year, indicates that the Minister announced the name of the building “Gordon Wilson” in memory of the late Government Architect, Francis Gordon Wilson, who had dedicated 23 years of his life to improving the housing conditions of New Zealanders. He died, […] - [Recent Media Attention](https://architecture.org.nz/2024/04/21/recent-media-attention/): The open letter to Hon Chris Bishop has stimulated a bit of a response from the media. You can see the activity here: Scoop posted the letter: https://wellington.scoop.co.nz/?p=159785 The Post: https://www.thepost.co.nz/nz-news/350249603/last-ditch-bid-save-derelict-eyesore NZ Herald: https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/wellingtons-gordon-wilson-flats-could-be-demolished-for-victoria-university-accommodation/PMPWHZJ26NDPBGPVQQPL6LPGEY/ Eye of the Fish: https://eyeofthefish.org/last-ditch-bid-to-save-fantastic-modernist-building/ TVNZ+: 1News at Six – Saturday 20 Apr (available till 27 Apr) ThreeNow: NewsHub 6pm – Saturday 20 Apr (available till 22 Apr) - [Adapted reuse scheme for Gordon Wilson Memorial Apartments](https://architecture.org.nz/2024/04/17/adapted-reuse-scheme-for-gordon-wilson-memorial-apartments/): Refer below to open letter authored by The Architectural Centre addressed to Minister for Housing. We provide a robust, contemporary rationale for the retention and refurbishment of 320 The Terrace, also known as the Gordon Wilson Memorial Apartments (GWMA): Tēnā koe Hon. Chris Bishop, An open letter – 320 The Terrace (Gordon Wilson Memorial Apartments) The Architectural Centre (AC) is a volunteer organisation made up of professionals and non-professionals who seek to promote good design of the built environment. Incorporated in 1946, the Centre has a long and proud tradition of doing just this. We write to you today to […] - [Returning to housing](https://architecture.org.nz/2024/04/05/returning-to-housing/): The Architectural Centre began with the problem of housing, and the questions of how best to build, who and how it should be made and where, have not gone away. The current Centre wants to drive the debate and demonstrate what is possible. - [Age diversity](https://architecture.org.nz/2024/03/11/age-diversity/): However attractive green field and scorched earth planning is, that kind of utopia isn’t coming anytime soon. What is coming is managed retreat from flood and liquefaction areas, some population growth (though this might not be as significant as the former) and an aging population. The ‘aging’ I talking about isn’t just to do with people living longer, but also with decreasing fertility rates, that is people choosing not to have children. New Zealand’s total fertility rate has shown similar trends to other countries, including Australia, Canada, United Kingdom and United States. Although fertility rates are decreasing, we still have […] - [Review: Ultrawild](https://architecture.org.nz/2024/03/06/review-ultrawild/): What:  Ultrawild – An audacious plan to rewild every city on Earth. Who:  Stephen Mushin Industrial Designer (graduated from RMIT c. 2002) Lives between Wellington and Australia and the rest of the world. (Is it a co-incidence that in Japanese “Mushin” means “when a person’s mind is free from thoughts of anger, fear, or ego during combat or everyday life” – a Buddhist (Zen) ideal?) Where:  The Children’s Book Shop (Kilbirnie), Unity Books (City), Schrödinger’s Books (Petone) When:  Released in October 2023 by Allen & Unwin publishers. How:  A storm of imaginative ideas drawn, diagrammed and designed, as a beautiful […] - [Review: The Drifting Room](https://architecture.org.nz/2024/03/02/review-the-drifting-room/): By Paul Harvey What: ‘The Drifting Room’ by Stephen Bain, an event part of The Performance Arcade – Aotearoa New Zealand Festival of the Arts Where: Waterfront, East side of Te Papa When: Thursday 22nd February (2pm) How: 8 people enter a tent-like, lightweight structure with the intention to move around, sense and observe the world beyond its walls. The attendee is participating, becoming the performer (to the public viewing from outside). The tent has no floor, the remaining envelope covered in mesh that permits visibility out but very limited visibility in. To those inside, the world is recontextualized as a vast stage with […] - [Housing Manifesto](https://architecture.org.nz/2017/08/21/housing-manifesto/): After the success of our 2006 Manifesto for Architecture, written to mark our 60th anniversary, we have this year, in the spirit of an election year with a strong focus on housing needs, launched the Architectural Centre’s Manifesto for Housing.   - [My favourite modernist building ... Wanganui War Memorial Hall](https://architecture.org.nz/2017/04/02/my-favourite-modernist-building-wanganui-war-memorial-hall-walker/): It seems very restrictive to be limited to one favourite modernist building, - [Karori Teachers College: VUW public meeting](https://architecture.org.nz/2017/03/05/karori-teachers-college-vuw-public-meeting/): Tomorrow night (Monday 6 March) is another public meeting about the fate of the VUW Karori Campus.  - [My favourite modernist building ... Rees Townhouses](https://architecture.org.nz/2017/03/05/my-favourite-modernist-building-rees-townhouses/):   In New Zealand, there is a tradition of conserving ‘old’ buildings made of timber and stone. There is also a more recent ‘tradition,’ of owners and their architects who scrub their buildings so white, they look surgically enhanced, erasing all character and grace. - [My favourite modernist building ... INDEX](https://architecture.org.nz/2017/03/02/my-favourite-modernist-building-index/): Here’s an index to the various entries of “My favourite modernist building …” and related posts - [Chris Laidlaw response to our letter re: the trolley buses](https://architecture.org.nz/2017/02/23/chris-laidlaw-response-to-our-letter-re-the-trolley-buses/): On 13 February we wrote to the Sustainable Transport Committee restating our concern regarding the GWRC decision to replace trolley buses with diesel-hybrid buses.  Our letter can be found here. Below is Chris Laidlaw’s response … - [My favourite modernist building ... BNZ, Victoria St, Hamilton](https://architecture.org.nz/2017/02/09/my-favourite-modernist-building-bnz-victoria-st-hamilton/): In February 1996 I arrived in Hamilton to take up a lecturing position at the University of Waikato. At pretty much the same time the Bank of New Zealand (Leigh, de Lisle & Fraser, 1965) in Victoria Street was demolished (1996). - [ICI House: 61 Molesworth Street](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/11/17/ici-house/): Stephenson and Turner‘s elegant Imperial Chemical Industries (I.C.I.) House now stands in doubt, - [Planners' Screw-ups](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/11/17/planners-screw-ups/): Ever wondered why the terminal is on the wrong side of the runway? - [RIP: Avis Higgs (1918-2016)](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/10/21/rip-avis-higgs-1918-2016/): One of our former members died last Friday just after her 98th birthday.  - [My favourite modernist building ... Rietveld-Schroder House](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/10/20/my-favourite-modernist-building-rietveld-schroder-house/): This small 190m2 two level house (Utercht, 1924) located at the end of a row housing scheme in Utrecht is widely regarded as a masterpiece of early modernist architecture. - [My favourite modernist building ... Old Wool House](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/10/16/my-favourite-modernist-building-old-wool-house/): In the late 1950s I had cause to visit Bernard Johns & Whitwell’s office one night, - [My favourite modernist building ... Alington House](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/09/29/my-favourite-modernist-building-alington-house/): I last went to the Alington house (Karori, 1962) 20 years ago as part of the Architectural Centre’s 50th Anniversary. - [Demolition by ignorance?](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/09/27/demolition-by-ignorance/): On Saturday morning (10 September 2016) on The Nation, the Social Housing Minister, Paula Bennett, claimed that she was doing everything “humanly possible” - [My favourite modernist building ... Gordon Drake's houses](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/09/20/my-favourite-modernist-building-gordon-drakes-houses/): When did “modernist” work start and finish?  - [My favourite modernist building ... the Rotherham House](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/09/18/my-favourite-modernist-building-the-rotherham-house/): My favourite modernist building (albeit one I haven’t visited) is the Rotherham House - [Architecture Week Event: Thursday 22 September](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/09/18/architecture-week-event-thursday-22-september/): NEW DREAMLAND: A panel discussion Mark Southcombe (VUW) and Ian Shearer, chaired by Christine McCarthy (President, Architectural Centre) - [Cars have never made good houses](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/09/18/cars-have-never-made-good-houses/): Ten years ago there were no beggars on the streets of Wellington.  - [Rapid Light Rail in Wellington](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/09/14/rapid-light-rail-in-wellington/): Britomart in Auckland changed everything, - [Wellington Mayoral Candidates Respond](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/09/13/mayoral-candidates-respond/): ARCHITECTURAL CENTRE: 2016 questions for Wellington mayoral candidates. - [Affordable (cost-effective sustainable) housing](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/09/09/affordable-cost-effective-sustainable-housing/): Unaffordable dwellings do not have the following characteristics: - [My favourite modernist building ... state houses](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/09/07/my-favourite-modernist-building-state-houses/): The state houses of the First Labour Government (1935-1949) are justly famous - [My favourite modernist building ... College House](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/09/06/my-favourite-modernist-building-college-house/): A mature work by what was at the time a young practice. - [My favourite modernist building ... Nordic Pavilion](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/09/05/my-favourite-modernist-building-nordic-pavilion/): Sverre Fehn’s 1962 Nordic Pavilion at the Venice Biennale is a building that transfers Nordic light to Venice. - [My favourite modernist building ... Whanganui War Memorial Hall](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/09/04/my-favourite-modernist-building-whanganui-war-memorial-hall/): My favourite Modernist architecture is the Whanganui War Memorial Hall. - [Can ugly buildings be heritage?](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/09/03/can-ugly-buildings-be-heritage/): This question responds to the idea that ugliness - [My favourite modernist building ... the Farnsworth House](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/09/03/my-favourite-modernist-building-the-farnsworth-house/): The Farnsworth House in Southern Illinois by architect Ludwig Mies van der  Rohe is for me a clear, quiet statement of Modernist architecture. - [My favourite modernist building ... Civic Administration Building](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/09/02/my-favourite-modernist-building-civic-administration-building/): “Ugly,” “monstrosity,” “sticking out like a sore toe,” “heavy and sombre,” “stark,” “awfully severe,” “Elwood’s erection” – - [Aniwaniwa: "Who should decide?"](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/09/01/aniwaniwa-who-should-decide/): The news that the Department of Conservation will demolish John Scott’s Aniwaniwa - [My favourite modernist building ... Villa Savoye](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/09/01/my-favourite-modernist-building-villa-savoye/): Modern Memories by MM My earliest memory of modern architecture was watching a reel-to-reel movie in an old pre-fab at intermediate. - [My favourite modernist building ... Computer Centre (Stage One), University of Canterbury](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/08/31/my-favourite-modernist-building-computer-centre-stage-one-university-of-canterbury/): Stage One of the University’s Computer Centre (now known as Angus Tait, Hall & McKenzie, 1965-66) is a building that I have long enjoyed - [My favourite modernist building ... Symonds St Flats, Auckland](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/08/30/my-favourite-modernist-building-symonds-st-flats-auckland/): I first discovered the elegant curve of the Symonds St Flats in the early 1980s - [My favourite modernist building ... Seddon Street Cooperative Shops, Naenae, 1946](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/08/29/my-favourite-modernist-building-seddon-street-cooperative-shops-naenae-1946/): Their faces responded to the projected image of ‘my favourite local building’ all too predictably: - [My favourite modernist building ... Ohakuri Hydro Power Station](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/08/28/my-favourite-modernist-building-ohakuri-hydro-power-station/): The modernist building that stands out for me is the Ohakuri hydro power station - [History Repeats: The Tale of the Hunter Building](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/08/27/history-repeats-the-tale-of-the-hunter-building/): The current story of the Gordon Wilson Flats is perhaps not too different from that of the Hunter Building in the 1970s and 80s, - [My favourite modernist building ... Kiddle bach](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/08/27/my-favourite-modernist-building-kiddle-bach/): Kiddle Bach, Waimarama, Hawkes Bay (John Scott, 1970s) In the early 1970s my grandparents bought a beachfront section in Waimarama - [My favourite modernist building … The National Theatre](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/08/26/my-favourite-modernist-building-the-national-theatre/): As a relatively recent Londoner, - [My favourite modernist building ... Bulls Water Tower](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/08/25/my-favourite-modernist-building-bulls-water-tower/): It’s not my favourite structure, not by a long shot, but I have some affection for it as my first long-term encounter with modern architecture. - [Te Urewera National Park Visitor Centre – Aniwaniwa](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/08/25/te-urewera-national-park-visitor-centre-aniwaniwa/):   Do we care enough about New Zealand’s architectural heritage? - [So why is modernism so important?](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/08/24/so-why-is-modernism-so-important/): So why modernism is important? - [My favourite modernist building ... Cashmere Community Centre](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/08/24/my-favourite-modernist-building-cashmere-community-centre/): I grew up with the commissioning, construction and early life of the Cashmere Community Centre - [My favourite modernist building ... Puaka-James Hight and Matariki](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/08/23/my-favourite-modernist-building-puaka-james-hight-and-matariki/): In a culture that favours surface over substance, and visual sensation over bodily sensation, - [My favourite modernist building ... Toronto City Hall (TCH)](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/08/22/my-favourite-modernist-building-toronto-city-hall-tch/): As I have not had much of a chance to spend time with many of my favourite Modernist projects of all time … - [My favourite modernist building ... PSA Tower](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/08/21/my-favourite-modernist-building-psa-tower/): I’ve really struggled with this little task - [My favourite modernist building ... NZ Racing Conference Building](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/08/20/my-favourite-modernist-building-racing-conference-building/): As a newcomer to living in Wellington, I was smitten - [My favourite modernist building .... Freyberg Pool](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/08/19/my-favourite-modernist-building-freyburg-pool/): I was meant to be an Olympic swimmer. My parents had determined this fate from birth, - [My favourite modernist building ... Massey House](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/08/18/my-favourite-modernist-building-massey-house/): If you look up as you march down the west side of Lambton Quay, keeping left with the obedient public servants, you will notice twenty circular lights underneath the awning for Massey House (Plishke and Firth, 126-132 Lambton Quay, Wellington). - [My favourite modernist building ... Ost House](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/08/17/my-favourite-modernist-building-ost-house/): The house that I share with my family is absolutely my favourite modernist building. - [My favourite modernist building ... State Insurance Building (former)](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/08/16/my-favourite-modernist-building-state-insurance-building-former/): William Gummer (1884-1966) was one of New Zealand’s greatest architects - [My favourite modernist building ... Bowen State Building](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/08/15/my-favourite-modernist-building-bowen-state-building/): For most Wellingtonians, the Modernist Bowen State building is perhaps best known for the Ministry of Food - [My favourite modernist building ... Centre Point](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/08/14/my-favourite-modernist-building-centre-point/): Most visitors to London will have come across Centre Point in their travels - [My favourite modernist building ... Freyberg Pool](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/08/13/my-favourite-modernist-building-freyberg-pool/): My love affair with modern architecture began when I was still quite young, - [My favourite modernist building ... Lyttelton Tunnel Authority Administration Building](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/08/12/my-favourite-modernist-building-lyttelton-tunnel-authority-administration-building/): Lyttleton tunnel Building from north c1964 Favourite buildings can be significant presences in our lives, - [My favourite modernist building ... Gordon Wilson Flats](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/08/11/my-favourite-modernist-building-2/): There are precious few examples of authentic modernist buildings in the Wellington region. - [My favourite modernist building ... the Cricketers' Arms Tavern](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/08/10/my-favourite-modernist-building-the-cricketers-arms-tavern/): Cricketer’s Arms Tavern, cnr Tory & Vivian Streets (1962-68/1968-70) - [My favourite modernist building ... French Communist Party Headquarters, Paris](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/08/09/my-favourite-modernist-building-french-communist-party-headquarters-paris/): It is difficult to choose a favourite modern building, - [My favourite modernist building ... Arts Tower, Sheffield](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/08/08/my-favourite-modernist-building-arts-tower-sheffield/): As a supporter of repairing, recycling and adaptive reuse (whether it be buildings, bits of left over timber or my kids toys) - [My favourite modernist building ... Jellicoe Towers](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/08/07/my-favourite-modernist-building-jellicoe-towers/): Jellicoe Towers advertising brochure, 1966.  Artist: Allan Wild - [My favourite modernist building ... The Barbican](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/08/06/my-favourite-modernist-building-the-barbican/): Naming a favourite building is always a tricky question to answer, - [Arch Centre 70th awards: WINNERS](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/07/23/arch-centre-70th-awards-winners/): It gives us great pleasure, on the occasion of our 70th birthday, to announce the winners of our 70th anniversary awards.  Congratulations to all involved.  The awards and winners are: - [70th Anniversary Awards](https://architecture.org.nz/2016/07/15/70th-anniversary-awards/): The Architectural Centre’s 70th anniversary is next week on Saturday 23rd July.  In order to acknowledge this milestone, we have instituted 17 special 70th anniversary awards.  The awards categories and current nominations are: - [Gordon Wilson Memorial Flats | 320 The Terrace](https://architecture.org.nz/2015/12/18/gordon-wilson-memorial-flats-320-the-terrace/): The Gordon Wilson Flats on The Terrace are under threat [again], - [Climate march | Sustainable Cities Matter](https://architecture.org.nz/2015/11/28/climate-march-sustainable-cities-matter/): A beautiful day for the Climate March today, and great to see the combined collaboration between the Architectural Centre, NZILA (Wellington branch), NZIA (Wellington branch) and Architecture+Women.  - [Using school to give kids driving licences is a good idea - Really?](https://architecture.org.nz/2015/11/13/using-school-to-give-kids-driving-licences-is-a-good-idea-really/): On Saturday morning (7 November 2015) on The Nation, Grant Roberton (MP for Wellington Central and Opposition Finance Spokesperson), announced “we’re seriously looking at the idea that the curriculum needs to include driver licensing.” - [Time for NZ's Memorial Park Precinct to officially be heritage?](https://architecture.org.nz/2015/11/10/time-for-nzs-memorial-park-precinct-to-officially-be-heritage/): Is this Armistice anniversary the time to ask “Should Pukeahu be formally declared a heritage area?” The opening of Pukeahu during ANZAC celebrations this year was an acknowledgement of the past but also of the ability of heritage to contribute to the future.  - [Black Bird | Lonnie Hutchison at the Dowse](https://architecture.org.nz/2015/11/09/black-bird-lonnie-hutchison-at-the-dowse/): The Dowse’s retrospective of Lonnie Hutchinson’s most recent 27 years of work, relishes the production of three dimensions out of two. - [70 next year | how do we compare?](https://architecture.org.nz/2015/11/05/70-next-year-how-do-we-compare/): Yes, so we’re 70 next year, and the committee is working away at thinking about what this means and how we should celebrate. - [Boundary issues](https://architecture.org.nz/2015/11/01/boundary-issues/): I was watching crits at VUW last week, and the issue of fences arose in a discussion about one masters’ student’s proposed alternative to stadium design. - [Marilyn Reynolds RIP](https://architecture.org.nz/2015/09/07/marilyn-reynolds-rip/): post by Gill Matthewson Marilyn Reynolds née Hart passed away on the 31st of August, an event that cannot go unremarked in architectural circles because she was one of the six signatories to the famed Group constitution in 1946. - [So what are NZTA's option now?](https://architecture.org.nz/2015/08/31/so-what-are-nztas-option-now/): The recent High Court decision (NZTA v Architectural Centre Inc & Ors) appears to have put an end to the flyover in the short term … but what are NZTA’s options now for the Basin Reserve? 1. Seek leave to the Supreme Court to appeal the High Court decision Following the High Court decision (21 August 2015), NZTA have the right to seek leave to appeal to the Supreme Court. - [Peter Dunne on NZTA & the flyover decision](https://architecture.org.nz/2015/08/28/peter-dunne-on-nzta-the-flyover-decision/): From Wednesday 26th August 2015 in Parliament: “Mr Speaker, like many residents of Wellington, I was delighted last Friday when the High Court ruled that the appeal by NZTA against the flyover around the Basin Reserve was to be rejected.  And I want to say to the New Zealand Transport Authority, right now, that this is the time to drop this crazy idea … - [High Court win: NZTA v Architectural Centre Inc & Ors](https://architecture.org.nz/2015/08/24/high-court-win-nzta-v-architectural-centre-inc-ors/): Friday’s High Court decision has dismissed the NZTA appeal.  Congratulations to everyone involved.  Our thanks especially go to our fabulous lawyer Philip Milne. The decision can be found here: NZTA v Architectural Centre Inc & Ors. A summary of the decision can be found at: http://architecture.org.nz/basin/high-court-decision-summary/ - [Last day before High Court flyover appeal starts ...](https://architecture.org.nz/2015/07/19/last-day-before-high-court-flyover-appeal-starts/) - [2 days to go ... High Court here we come ...](https://architecture.org.nz/2015/07/18/2-days-to-go-high-court-here-we-come/) - [only 3 days left until ...](https://architecture.org.nz/2015/07/17/only-3-days-left-until/) ## Pages - [AC QUIZ](https://architecture.org.nz/acquiz/): – NEW EDITION DROPS EVERY MONDAY – ON MOBILE? ROTATE SCREEN TO LANDSCAPE FOR BEST EXPERIENCE - [City to Sea Bridge](https://architecture.org.nz/archive-project/city-to-sea-bridge/): In 2024 the Wellington City Council announced the City to Sea Bridge, designed by John Gray and Rewi Thompson in the 1990s, would be demolished due to earthquake risk. In January 2025 an exhibition, ‘Performing the Archive,’ digitised John Gray’s collection of drawings from this project. This exhibition demonstrated how raising archives of architectural practice into the public domain can stimulate discussion about the our built environment. We are please to be able to say, as of December 2025, the demolition decision has been revoked. As a consequence of this event, drawings of the Bridge were able to be included […] - [Fritz Eisenhofer Collection](https://architecture.org.nz/archive-project/fritz-eisenhofer-collection/): In November 2025 the Archive completed its inaugural accessioning: the practice archive of Fritz Eisenhofer (1926-2023). To celebrate this momentous event a small exhibition of digitised drawings was hosted by GCUR (Gonville, Whanganui). Here is a selection of images from the exhibition and of Fritz’s own Dome House, in Peka Peka. Right-click on a thumbnail to ‘open’ a larger image in a ‘new window’. - [ARCHIVE PROJECT](https://architecture.org.nz/archive-project/): Preservation, protection and promotion of architectural practice records support scholarship and wider community discussions about our built environment. The Architectural Centre, in association with the Gonville Centre for Urban Research, is working to establish an independent archive of Aotearoa New Zealand’s architecture. This project aims to: In 2024 the Centre commissioned Heritage Associates to produce a Feasibility Study for the proposed archive. This was completed in 2025, presenting findings of 4 case studies. These ranged from contemporary, mixed analogue/digital collections to historical, paper only collections. There have been two ‘digitisation’ trials, celebrated through small public events. Follow the links below […] - [Privacy Policy](https://architecture.org.nz/contact/privacy-policy-2/): Who we are Our website address is: https://architecture.org.nz. Comments When visitors leave comments on the site we collect the data shown in the comments form, and also the visitor’s IP address and browser user agent string to help spam detection. An anonymized string created from your email address (also called a hash) may be provided to the Gravatar service to see if you are using it. The Gravatar service privacy policy is available here: https://automattic.com/privacy/. After approval of your comment, your profile picture is visible to the public in the context of your comment. Media If you upload images to […] - [MEMBERSHIP](https://architecture.org.nz/membership/): Kia ora and thank you for your interest in becoming a member, or renewing your membership, with the Architectural Centre. We can only accept online payments or cash. The Centre is GST registered. ARCHITECTURAL CENTRE INCORPORATED is now an approved donee organisation and has been added to the approved donee organisation list at ird.govt.nz/donee Please download and complete this form. Email a copy to arch@architecture.org.nz. Once we have see a direct debit in our accounts we will send you a receipt. - [CENTRE ADVOCACY](https://architecture.org.nz/centre-advocacy/): Since the 1940s the Architectural Centre has defined itself as an “organisation for the purpose of striving for creation of a more suitable environment for living.” Architecture was selected as the title then, and is still important, but this was always understood in the wider concerns of planning, urbanism, landscape and art. How the Centre strives has varied but in recent years this has involved substantial effort to represent the interests and values of the membership through regional and national consultation processes. Advocacy projects include: If you are aware of an issue that you think the Centre should be active […] - [Karori Teachers College: Correspondence](https://architecture.org.nz/centre-advocacy/karori-teachers-college/karori-teachers-college-correspondence/): 2018AC letter to Heritage New Zealand re: Karori Teachers College (11 November 2018)Open Letter to Minister for Arts, Culture and Heritage, Wellington Mayor and Councillors, CEO Heritage NZ (24 October 2018) | Minister for Arts, Culture and Heritage ReplyAC letter to the Minister of Arts, Culture and Heritage re: Karori Teachers College (18 October 2018) | Ryman letter re: Karori demolition (2 October 2018) | Aerial map outlining proposed demolition | Minister for Arts, Culture and Heritage ReplyAC letter to Heritage New Zealand re: Karori Teachers College (15 October 2018)AC letter to Heritage New Zealand re: Karori Teachers College (9 […] - [WTTC open letter](https://architecture.org.nz/centre-advocacy/karori-teachers-college/wttc-open-letter/): 24 October 2018 To:Rt Hon. Jacinda Ardern, Minister for Arts, Culture and Heritagej.ardern@ministers.govt.nz Mayor & Councillors, Wellington City Councilmayor@wcc.govt.nzcouncillors@wcc.govt.nz Andrew Coleman, Chief Executive, Heritage NZandrew.coleman@heritage.org.nz HERITAGE WEEK OPEN LETTERRE: WELLINGTON TEACHERS TRAINING COLLEGE (FORMER), KARORI Tēnā koutou 1. We write during this Heritage Week to ask you (Wellington City Council, Heritage New Zealand (HNZ) and the Minister for Arts, Culture and Heritage) to jointly lodge a notice of requirement for a heritage order to protect the Wellington Teachers Training College (Former) in Karori (WTTC). 2. We note that the College’s significant heritage value is undisputed by HNZ who acknowledged this […] - [Barbican of the South Gallery](https://architecture.org.nz/centre-advocacy/karori-teachers-college/barbican-of-the-south-gallery/): More information about the “Barbican of the South” project is here. - [Karori Teachers' College: Barbican of the South Project](https://architecture.org.nz/centre-advocacy/karori-teachers-college/ktc-barbican-of-the-south-project/):  Karori Campus: Barbican of the South 1947-48 In 1948 a young 22 year old Bill Toomath (1925-2014) drew what would become the iconic image of the Architectural Centre’s landmark exhibition Te Aro Replanned.  This was emblematic of the brave new world of post WWII, and an exhibition which attracted 20,000 visitors – 10% of Wellington’s 200,000 population.  It envisaged, all those years ago, the residential intensification that WCC is only now starting to come to grips with.  The scheme drew from the brash modernism of the time, proposing clearing much of Te Aro and replacing it with residential high-rises in […] - [Karori Teachers' College: heritage](https://architecture.org.nz/centre-advocacy/karori-teachers-college/ktc-heritage/): The case for a heritage listing for the Karori Teachers’ College Perhaps the first question is – why isn’t the Karori Teachers’ College already heritage listed? We are of the opinion that the Teachers’ College is a significant site, designed by an important New Zealand architect, and is a well-executed design, exemplifying New Brutalism in Wellington.  It is long overdue for heritage listing. There are two formal processes for providing heritage listings by two different organisations: Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga (formerly the New Zealand Historic Places Trust (NZHPT)) and the local council, in this case Wellington City Council.  There […] - [Karori Teachers' College: description of the architecture](https://architecture.org.nz/centre-advocacy/karori-teachers-college/ktc-description-of-the-buildings/): Architect: Stanley William (Bill) ToomathClient: Wellington Education BoardEngineers: Beca, Carter, Hollings and FernerMechanical Engineers: Geo. Vamos & PartnersElectrical Engineers: S.A. VinczeQuantity Surveyor: Stanley Marriott & AssociatesContractors: M.J. Walsh Construction Ltd.Floor area: Stage I: 70,000 sq. ft; Stage II: 55,000 sq. ft. The campus was designed and built in two stages (Stage I & Stage II) from 1963-1977.  The building positions and forms directly respond to the topography of the land and a desire for development on the site boundaries to respect the residential scale of the community, as Toomath noted: “As a result the main teaching block, although three storeys […] - [Karori Teachers' College: the architect](https://architecture.org.nz/centre-advocacy/karori-teachers-college/ktc-the-architect/): Stanley William (Bill) Toomath (1925-2014) is well recognised as an important New Zealand architect.  As an architectural student in the 1940s he was part of the progressive group who formed The Group (1946-1968), and was also a member of the Architectural Centre (1946-).  He played a key role in the Architectural Centre’s Te Aro Replanned exhibition, including drawing the image (complete with Deborah Kerr) which now represents the project. After gaining his BArch degree from the University of Auckland (1945-49) he travelled through Europe on a motorcycle, and visited Le Corbusier.  He then completed his MArch at the Harvard Graduate […] - [Karori Teachers' College: site description](https://architecture.org.nz/centre-advocacy/karori-teachers-college/ktc-site-description/): Address: 26 Donald Street, Karori Legal description: Pt Sec 67 Karori DISTRICT Survey area: 3.0225 ha Land area: 30,225m2 LINZ document reference: shape length: 800.800024; shape area: 30214.365491 Longitude: 174.741 Latitude: -41.286 Rates: 100% non rateable Capital value: $22,500,000 The Wellington Teachers’ College is located between Donald and Campbell Streets, in the well-established suburb of Karori.  The lowest part of the site is a relatively flat piece of ground in the south west corner where playing fields are currently located.  According to an article in the NZIAJ in 1964, the decision to locate the playing fields on this part of […] - [Karori Teachers' College](https://architecture.org.nz/centre-advocacy/karori-teachers-college/): The Karori Teachers’ College has been sold on the open market.  Since its beginning, the campus has been in government or quasi-government ownership. In 2014 the campus was transferred from the Ministry of Education to Victoria University for the princely sum of $10.  The site was valued at over $20 million, and the university, keen to sell, handed it over to Ryman Healthcare in late 2017.  As is often the case in these situations, this important heritage site is likely to compromised or lost forever. Link here to Ryman’s FaceBook page showing the latest site development plans. The Karori community is mobilising to […] - [Gordon Wilson Flats](https://architecture.org.nz/centre-advocacy/gordon-wilson-flats/): Posts and updates: The recent history: September 8, 2025 – Centre press release: Re(NEW) the Gordon Wilson Flats ~ Faster, greener and more affordable. This design proposal demonstrates that a refit of the Gordon Wilson Flats will be faster, better for the environment and better for the university’s bottom line than proposed demolition options. Read the design statement here: Thank you to Ian Stantiall for the presentation images: On March 14, 2024, the Wellington Council released its District Plan decisions. These “rejected a number of the IHP [Independent Hearings Panel] recommendations around intensification, character, and heritage provision,” including an over-ruling […] - [High Court decision | summary](https://architecture.org.nz/centre-advocacy/basin/high-court-decision-summary/): Much of the discussion following last Friday’s High Court decision, NZTA v Architectural Centre Inc & Ors (21 August 2015), has focussed on the consequences for the Basin Reserve flyover, but the appeal was not so much about the flyover. It did not examine the merits of the Board’s decision regarding the flyover. Instead it was about the Board of Inquiry’s interpretation and application of the law. Consequently the decision has broader ramifications for our built environment. The judge dismissed the NZTA appeal and found that none of the issues raised by NZTA demonstrated errors of law in the Board’s decision. […] - [HOUSE PARTY 2014](https://architecture.org.nz/about/archive/house-party/house-party-programme/): HOUSE PARTY was a series of events (panel discussions, exhibitions, walking tour, film screenings etc.) on the topic of houses and housing. Here is a record of HOUSE PARTY 2014. COLLABORATORS | PROGRAMME | LINKS | POLITICAL PARTY HOUSING POLICIES | FILMS | LAUNCH Collaborators Programme Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday | Friday | Saturday MONDAY 1 September 2014 Housing for older people: what are the options? (45-60min)[venue: 12.30pm Wellington Museum of City and Sea] Chair: Christine McCarthy Panelists: Judith Davey (Institute for Governance and Policy Studies, VUW); Vicki McLaren, (Wellington City Council); Peter Matcham (Grey Power); Derek […] - [HOUSE PARTY 2015](https://architecture.org.nz/about/archive/house-party/events/): DONATE | LAUNCHPAD1 | LAUNCHPAD2 | LAUNCHPAD3 | LAUNCHPAD4  | LAUNCHPAD5 | DONATE PROGRAMME: 4.30-5.30PM 22 May 2015 4.30 Affordable HousingLAUNCHPAD 1 4.40 Te Papa’s earthquake houseLAUNCHPAD 2 4.50 The recently opened National War Memorial Park, PukeahuLAUNCHPAD 3 5.00 The proposed Airways TowerLAUNCHPAD 4 5.10 City to Sea bridge:should it stay or should it go?LAUNCHPAD 5 5.20 Why Wellington is a fabulous cityGIVEALITTLE Continuous commentary will be broadcast from the launch site http://architecture.org.nz/events/launch-site/ A series of online discussions about our built environment to co-incide with the launch of our givealittle fundraising webpage to raise funds for the Architectural Centre’s participation at the […] - [House Party](https://architecture.org.nz/about/archive/house-party/): HOUSE PARTY wass a series of events (panel discussions, exhibitions, walking tour, film screenings etc.) on the topic of houses and housing. House Party 2014 House Party 2015 - [Submissions](https://architecture.org.nz/centre-advocacy/submissions/): 2019Climate Change Response (Zero Carbon) Amendment Bill (July 2019)Wellington City Parking policy (July 2019)Planning for Growth (May 2019)Response from HNZ (30 April 2019) | Arch Centre reply (6 May 2019)WCC: Crescent Play Area upgrade (19 April 2019)AC letter to the Ombudsman (27 February 2019)AC submission: Budget Policy Statement (30 January 2019)AC submission: HNZ listing Whatakane Airport Terminal (28 January 2019)AC to Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment (28 January 2019) 2018AC letter to Heritage New Zealand (20 December 2018) | HNZ reply (25 February 2019)WCC: Swan Lane/Garrett Street Project (27 November 2018)WCC: Karori Town Centre: Public Space Improvement Project (27 November 2018)WCC: […] - [Basin Reserve](https://architecture.org.nz/centre-advocacy/basin/): NZTA decides not to appeal On  Friday 4 September 2015 the NZTA announced that it would not be seeking leave to appeal the High Court decision.  In its media release it noted that the Basin Bridge “project will not proceed as the Transport Agency does not have the required approvals.” http://www.nzta.govt.nz/media-releases/transport-agency-decides-not-to-appeal-high-court-basin-bridge-decision HIGH COURT APPEAL On Friday 21 August 2015, the High Court dismissed the NZTA appeal regarding the Basin Bridge Board of Inquiry which declined the NZTA application to build a flyover at the Basin Reserve.  The decision is NZTA v Architectural Centre Inc & Ors. A summary of the […] - [HISTORY](https://architecture.org.nz/about/archive/): A CHRONOLOGY OF THE ARCHITECTURAL CENTRE n.b. we are progressively moving submissions from this page to the submissions page. 2007 • Road Work Competition: Competition Programme, Competition Poster, Competition Results • Brutalism and Bubbles – (10th March) a sketching excursion by train to fine Brutalist buildings in Upper Hutt and Hutt City • Dominion Post – Ten Best Buildings in Wellington • Dominion Post – Ten Worst Buildings (11 April)
 in Wellington • AGM – Thursday 19 April at Futuna Chapel 2006 • 20under40: 15th-16th September • MANIFESTO for Architecture • 60th anniversary party – Friday 21st July • “why […] - [20Under40](https://architecture.org.nz/about/archive/20-under-40/): 2010 2009: A PLAY ON TIME 2006: Irrevocable Irrelevance - [CONTACT](https://architecture.org.nz/contact/): EMAILarch@architecture.org.nz POSTALThe Architectural Centre Inc,PO Box 24178,Wellington,New Zealand. - [ABOUT US](https://architecture.org.nz/about/): The Architectural Centre Inc. is a voluntary and independent organisation of architects, artists, designers and others sharing an active interest in architecture, the arts, the built environment and Wellington City. It provides a forum for presentation, discussion and debate within the Wellington community. Historically the Centre has been many things – an educator, gallery, publisher – we currently operate as an advocacy group promoting and raising issues around what makes ‘good’ design in our urban environment. This image was produced by Bill Toomath for a 1947-48 Architectural Centre summer school design studio called Te Aro Replanned. There was no School of […] [comment]: # (Generated by Hostinger Tools Plugin)